National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus
Editor-in-chief V. Gusakov, vice editor-in-chief P. Kazakevich, V. Azarenko
1, room 118, Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072, Republic of Belarus
phone/fax +375 17 374-02-45
e-mail: agro-vesti@mail.ru
Information about the titles change:
1963 - 1991 – «Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of  BSSR. Agrarian series»
1992 - 1995 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian sciences of Belarus»
1996 - 2002 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus»
2002 - till present – «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series»

2023 №3

Economics

Kireyenka N. V.
Forecasting methodologies for development of foreign markets of agricultural and food products of the Republic of Belarus
The strengthening of external factors and emerging crises of 2020–2022 related to the global epidemiological situation of COVID-19 and trade barriers, had a significant impact on the timely execution of foreign trade contracts, the efficiency of supply chains, environment of the global food market and the market for inputs for production agricultural products and food. At the same time, the unprecedented sanctions policy against the Republic of Belarus required a more sustainable agri-food system and the development of fundamentally new scientifically substantiated directions for diversifying export supplies. Step-by-step methodology has been developed for forecasting the development of foreign markets for agri-food products, which is a set of goals, objectives, an algorithm for conducting and an analytical product based on Microsoft Excel analysis tools, based on a set of factors impacting the trading process. In addition, a system of economic indicators for assessing the functioning of food markets and mechanisms for product access, including customs-tariff and non-tariff measures, has been substantiated. The methodology was tested based on example of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as the main trading partners of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the countries of Asia (Vietnam, Iran, China, Singapore) and Africa (Algeria, Egypt). The scientific novelty of the development lies in using a step-by-step algorithm for assessing the market situation of a particular country when making rational management decisions on the effective use of the existing potential and resources of agro-industrial complex organizations in order to enter existing and new markets (segments). These developments can be used by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, the “Belgospischeprom” concern and other subjects of the agricultural business in preparation of analytical reviews of the country’s market environments for agricultural and food products.

Agriculture and Plant Cultivation

Pashkevich H. M., Tchaikovsky A. I., Rupasova Zh. A., Krinitckaya N. B., Zadala V. S., Shpitalnaya T. V., Goncharova L. V., Trofimov Yu. V., Begmatov A. M.
Led lighting intensity effect on biochemical composition of microgreens of white cabbage
In recent years, there has been a trend in Belarus towards a significant increase in demand for the products of microgreens of vegetable crops, including white cabbage, as a source of a wide range of useful substances. At the same time, an important aspect when growing microgreens in a closed controlled environment is lighting, which is both a signal forgrowth and development and a source of energy for higher plants. Plants adapt to the conditions of the light environment not only via changes in morphophysiological parameters, but also via restructuring their light-collecting complex. One of the most important parameters of the lighting mode is the photon flux density – the intensity of illumination, which significantly affects both the growth of biomass and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The results of a comparative study of the influence of the intensity of LED lighting are presented (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μm/m2·s) for the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and ß-carotene, dry, tannin and pectin substances, free organic, ascorbic and hydroxy acids in the samples of white cabbage microgreens, soluble sugars, the main groups of bioflavonoids – mainly anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and the indicator of the sugar acid index. It has been determined that the leading position in the experiment in terms of the integral level of nutritional vitamin value of this product, exceeding that in the control by 1.4 times, belonged to the variant of the experiment with a minimum intensity of LED lighting of 50 μm/m2·s, whereas for the variant with an intensity of lighting of 150 μm/m2·s, a lag in this regard from the control by 1.1 times and, accordingly, from more successful variants of the experiment by 1.2–1.6 times, which allowed to consider it ineffective. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of the republic, a comprehensive biochemical study of samples of white cabbage grown at different intensities of LED lighting was carried out, which made it possible to recommend this vegetable crop for industrial production of micro-greenery.

Zhuk E. I., Krupenko N. A., Radyna A. A., Khalaev A. N., Poplavskaya N. G., Radivon V. A.
Phytopathological situation in crops of spring wheat varieties in Belarus
Monitoring of phytopathological situation in crops is the basis for biological justification of the need for protective measures, allowing to obtain a yield close to the potentially possible. The results of phytopathological situation monitoring in crops of spring wheat varieties are presented in the paper. Studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in the laboratory of phytopathology and in the experimental field of the Institute of Plant Protection. Standard methods in phytopathology were used during the work. The main criteria for assessing the degree of plant infestation were disease development (%) and area under disease process curve (AUDPC, in conditional units). Analysis of phytopathological state of spring wheat crops showed that during the growing season the crop varieties were affected by diseases of vegetative and generative organs: root and by-root rots, powdery mildew, leaf and ear septoriosis, pyrenophorosis, brown rust, and fusariosis of ear. Root rot, leaf spot disease, septoriosis, and spikelet fusariosis are among the dominant diseases annually present in spring wheat crops. Variety differences in disease incidence are a factor influencing the emerging phytopathological situation in the crop. Cultivation of resistant varieties reduces the risk of epiphytotics. According to the sum of infectious loads experienced by the plants during the whole period of vegetation, the evaluated varieties of spring wheat were ranked in ascending order: Lyubava (60,5 %), Slavyanka (61,9 %), Sudarynya (66,9 %), Laska (71,3 %), and Darya (83,9 %). The results of the studies allow to give preference to the most interesting varieties, based on the available opportunities to ensure the proper level of protection against diseases.

Melnik V. I., Brovka Yu. A., Bondarenko Yu. A., Khitrykau M. A.
Sowing time of winter crops in Belarus and recommendation for optimization in conditions of modern climate change
Assessment of agroclimate conditions of the autumn period on the territory of Belarus under the conditions of modern climate change with the distribution of cumulative temperatures during autumn period for 2000–2020 is presented. The results of analysis of estimates of moisture indicators for the autumn period (precipitation amounts, Selyaninov’s hydrothermal moisture coefficient, and productive moisture reserves in the arable soil layer of 0–20 cm) are provided. Based on literary sources, recent research by Belarusian scientists, data from observation points of the state hydrometeorological network for the phases of development of winter crops (wheat, triticale, rye) in autumn, results of studies on tillering of winter crops depending on the sowing time and weather conditions in the autumn period, an analysis was carried out and criteria for cumulative temperatures were clarified to calculate the optimal sowing time for winter crops on the territory of Belarus. The optimal time for sowing winter grain crops has been calculated for administrative regions and points of the state network of hydrometeorological observations, taking into account the predicted air temperature for September. Recommendations are given for calculating the optimal sowing time for winter crops for points with no hydrometeorological observations, as well as with possible consideration of soil types and field location.

Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Ratko A. A., Duko Yu. V., Shevchuk V. V.
Effect of concentration of deodorizing reagents on the emission of odor-forming substances in pork manure
Complaints on unpleasant odor occurring near pig-breeding complexes and frequently, at a considerable distance from them, are one of the key factors that are limiting the development of pig-breeding industry. Unpleasant odor takes place as a result of anaerobic decomposition of the manure and also due to liquid slurry at the pig-breeding facility. Despite the fact, that the effect of unpleasant odor on human health is under-investigated, the people suffer natural aversion to the smell of manure. The smell of swine manure can be an unpleasant factor affecting the quality of the life of people living in the cities close to the pig-breeding complexes and also have an effect on the price of the real estate located within this area. Tightening of standards regulating the level of odor can also be a limiting factor for this branch of industry. Detailed research aimed at the selection of the optional composition of chemical reagents for deodoration and disinfection of liquid slurry waste at a pig breeding complex is presented. It has been determined, that the effect of disinfection and suppression of unpleasant odor for a long time is provided by the composition of ammonium persulphate, peracetic acid and formalin, the composition that contains sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide and finally, the composition that contains sodium nitrite and ammonium molybdate. It was showed that the abovementioned mixtures are effective in relation to the samples of manure in laboratory (the volume of manure taken for the experiment was 200-400 ml), as well as semi-industrial conditions (the volume of manure – 80 liters). The manure mixtures obtained as a result of such treatment are environmentally friendly and can be used for the production of organo-mineral fertilizers.

Mechanization and Power Engineering

Leonov A. N., Neparko T. A., Li Qingzhen.
Plowing operation: labor productivity and specific operating costs. Part 1. Multifactor simulation of plowing operation
One of the most important problems in grain production in the Republic of Belarus is increasing labor productivity, which is 4–5 times less than labor productivity in the EU countries. A great influence on labor productivity and specific operating costs is exerted by energy- and material-intensive operations, such as plowing and harvesting. The main patterns of the plowing operation, which is a complex technical system, is connected with the use of a large volume of agrotechnological, technical, operational, resource and economic information (operation duration, working length of the harrow, physical and mechanical properties of soil, depth of treatment, permissible interval of the unit speed, fuel and energy, engine power and traction characteristics, width of the unit, economic indicators, etc.) are considered. Currently, as a result of introduction of computer mathematics systems, there are effective methods available for studying complex technical systems, allowing for multi-factor modeling and multi-criteria optimization of the production processes and formation of a set of machines by system analysis. A prerequisite for a complete and comprehensive description of the functioning of a complex technical system is the presence of conflicting optimization parameters, as well as a complete set of independent control factors significantly affecting these parameters. A distinctive feature of the proposed method is to determine not one optimal solution, but a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, giving the producer new opportunities of choice when organizing the production processes, increasing the efficiency of plowing operation and, consequently, the profitability of grain production in general. Therefore, increasing productivity at permissible specific operating costs through the formation of a rational set of machines and modes of its operation under specific conditions of production is an important scientific and engineering task. A mathematical illustration of the method is provided for natural-production conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products

Kulagova E. P., Zubkovskaya O. L., Rabchonok N. R.
Complex technological process for production of apple distillates and evaluation of its quality indicators
The research presented in the paper is related to solving an important and urgent problem in the wine industry – use of waste and by-products of production as secondary raw materials. In the course of the experimental part, generally accepted and special research methods and techniques were used; the peculiarities of the extraction and fermentation processes were studied. This is the first time when, in the technology of manufacturing apple distillates, a method was used to reduce the amount of the resulting head fraction during fractional distillation, and the prospects for the reuse of a new by-product of fractional distillation – an intermediate fraction – were scientifically substantiated, as well as diffusion juice obtained from apple pomace was involved at the fermentation stage. The uniqueness also lies in the fact that all the techniques are combined into a single integrated approach. As a result, a scientifically sound, improved and cost-effective technology for production of apple distillates with complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the level of economic feasibility and efficiency of the industry, and is the basis for innovative economic development aimed at import substitution. The paper reflects the basic technological layout of the developed technology, describes its operations and stages, as well as studies of the main quality indicators (physical-and-chemical, organoleptic indicators and comparative analysis of the tasting test with the consumer focus group) of apple distillates obtained by integrated waste technology.