National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus
Editor-in-chief V. Gusakov, vice editor-in-chief P. Kazakevich, V. Azarenko
1, room 118, Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072, Republic of Belarus
phone/fax +375 17 374-02-45
e-mail: agro-vesti@mail.ru
Information about the titles change:
1963 - 1991 – «Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of  BSSR. Agrarian series»
1992 - 1995 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian sciences of Belarus»
1996 - 2002 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus»
2002 - till present – «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series»

2022 №3

Economics

Pilipuk A. V., Gusakov G. V., Chaikouski A. I., Rastorgouev P. V., Karpovich N. V., Makrak S. V., Pochtovaya I. G.
System of measures for the development of the vegetable seed market in the Republic of Belarus
Original and elite seeds of agricultural plants are the basis for production of reproductive seeds and contribute to an increase in the production of vegetable products, providing raw materials to processing companies of the republic. Greenhouse varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops have a high potential, have a complex of economically valuable features and can occupy a certain niche in professional and especially amateur vegetable growing. However, implementation of the potential of the created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is largely determined by the conditions of seed production. It has been determined, that the situation in the country is when over 85 % of the seeds of vegetable crops used for the production of vegetables are imported. At the same time, the production of the necessary volumes of seeds, which will ensure the standard production of vegetable products for consumption by the population and the manufacturing industry, is not only a factor in the development of the vegetable market, but also a condition for helping to guarantee the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify domestic selection and seed production in the vegetable sector. The article substantiates a practice-oriented system of measures for the development of the market of seeds of vegetable crops in the Republic of Belarus, including the following blocks of regulatory action: stimulating the development of the sphere of reproduction of vegetable seeds; improving the accounting of the movement of commodity flows in the market of vegetable seeds; integration of the country into the world system of commodity seed production of vegetable crops; ensuring traceability of seed turnover based on digitalization; development of an integrated technical and economic approach to the implementation of production activities; monitoring of the market of seeds of vegetable crops. The development contains a set of systematized tools, the use of which allows justifying effective management decisions in the field of agro-industrial complex for the effective formation of a favorable organizational and economic environment for the production and sale of competitive seeds of vegetable crops of domestic selection.

Agriculture and Plant Cultivation

Likhatsevich A. P.
Risks in agriculture: assessment of influence of weather conditions on the grain crops yield in Belarusian Polesye
Based on the mathematical model of the crop, an algorithm for quantitative assessment of the agricultural risk for crops cultivated in specific soil and climatic conditions has been developed. Classification of agricultural risks according to crop losses is proposed, similar to the gradation adopted in the assessment of insurance payments, but more detailed. It has been established that quantitative indicators of agricultural risk do not depend on the level of crop nutrition, and for each year are determined only by precipitation and air temperatures during the active growing season. Calculations of agricultural risk for grain crops cultivated in Belarusian Polesye are made. Of the five years of barley cultivation, one year (2007) can be characterized as critical in terms of heat and moisture supply during the growing season. Crop yield losses due to adverse weather conditions exceeded 50 %. In 2005, the minimum risk for the cultivation of barley, related to sustainable farming, was obtained. Cultivation under weather conditions in 2006 and 2008 characterized as low-risk farming, and 2009 conditions should be attributed to high-risk barley cultivation. According to the average indicator of the risk rate of barley cultivation for five years of research, which amounted to 28.6 %, the region, in terms of its weather and climate conditions, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk. For winter triticale, out of four years of cultivation, one year (2007) can be characterized as critical in terms of heat and moisture supply during the growing season. Crop yield losses exceeded 50 %. In 2008, crop losses were in line with sustainable farming. Cultivation in 2006 for winter triticale was of a high risk, and in 2009 – low risk. On average for 4 years, the indicator of risk rate of cultivation of crops amounted to 28.1%. Consequently, for winter triticale, the region of Belarusian Polesye, in terms of its weather and climatic conditions, as well as for barley, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk.

Privalov F. I., Zaprudsky A. A., Voytka D. V., Yakovenko A. M., Privalov D. F.
Efficiency of application of biological preparations in agrocenosis of faba beans in Belarus
Production of domestic high protein fodder is a key problem for the livestock sector in the Republic of Belarus. It is possible to solve it due to extension of arable lands for legume crops, particularly for faba beans. The research on evaluating the efficiency of biological preparations applied to crops against diseases is highly prioritized. This allows obtaining organic products with a minimum impact on the environment. Presowing treatment of seeds with preparation Fungilex, L (Trichoderma sp. D-11) – (8.0–10.0 l/t) as well as with chemical protectant Scarlet, ME (imazalil, 100 g/l + tebuconazole, 40 g/l) – (0.4 l/t) allows reducing Alternaria blight by 73.8–78.8 % and Fusarium blight by 53.3–56.7 %, which ensures saving of 2.8–3.0 dt/ha of grains compared to the control. Soil application with microbiological inoculant Resoiler, L (Trichoderma sp. L-3 and Trichoderma sp. L-6) – (6.0 and 8.0 l/ha) before filed beans sowing contributes to growing vegetative mass by 3.2–3.5 %, decreasing Fusarium blight development by 69.1–70.6 % and increasing seed productivity by 3.1–3.6 dt/ha compared to the control. Combined use of biopreparations Fungilex, L (8.0 and 10.0 l/t) and Resoiler, L (6.0 and 8.0 l/ha) promotes the growth of aerial parts of the plant by 3.5–3.8 % and reduction of Alternaria blight development by 88.7–90.1 % and Fusarium blight development by 76.5–79.4 %. This ensures statistically significant saving of 5.1–5.6 dt/ha of grain in relation to the control and obtaining the maximum net profit of 231.5–249.5 rubles/ha, which is 32.6–50.6 rubles/ha higher in comparison with Scarlet, ME (0.4 l/t). It’s important to underline that a protective effect of the biological preparations as well as the chemical protectant was observed before the booting stage of the crop (BBCH 35). The application of biological preparations allows reducing pesticide load on the crop, protecting plants from diseases and obtaining organic products. The research findings can be widely applied in agriculture.

Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Maslennikova O. V., Shikhova T. G.
Parafasciolopsosis infestation of young moose (Alces alces) depending on weather conditions
Differentiated approach to the study of infestation with parafasciolopsosis of different age categories of the European moose has been used for the first time. The features of Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha invasion in a group of young (1-year and 1.5-year-old) moose under conditions of alternating abnormally dry and rainy seasons in the east of the European part of Russia are shown. A significant increase in the prevalence of invasion (PI) of this helminth in the moose population (up to 76.5 %), and especially in young individuals (1-year-old up to 62.5 %, 1.5-year-old up to 100 %), was clearly manifested in 2009–2019. A high inverse correlation (r = –0.74, p ≤ 0.05) of the extensiveness of parafasciolopsous invasion in 1.5-year-old species on the humidity regime of summer seasons was revealed. The decrease in watering of the territory during dry seasons contributed to an increase in the density of the intermediate host (Planorbarius corneus) and the concentration of the invasive onset in large water bodies. A high correlation (r = 0.90, p ≤ 0.05) was established between the total PI of parafasciolopsis in the moose group and infection of 1-year-olds. Significant infestation of young individuals (Alces alces) can negatively affect the state of the entire moose population and lead to decrease in numbers.

Mechanization and Power Engineering

Kruk I. S., Gordeenko O. V., Kot T. P., Markevich A. E., Romaniuk W.
Improvment of pesticide application quality in windy weather
The application of process solutions of pesticides in the field is inevitably accompanied by losses, which it is not possible to eliminate completely at this stage. The greatest damage to the environment is caused by the drifting of preparations off the treated object during treatment in windy weather. The process of drifting the drops of the process solution, taking into account the impact of environmental factors on them, has not been fully studied; consequently, the results of practical experiments can be different, sometimes contradictory. The issue of compliance with technological recommendations and use of technical devices that reduce or prevent the drifting of drops of working solutions when spraying crops remains relevant. The studies of the movement of pesticide drops under the influence of various factors, the directions of possible reduction of losses due to drifting and the use of various designs of windproof devices to field sprayers are considered in the paper. The results of experimental studies of quantitative and qualitative indicators of drifting using hydraulic sprayers are presented: slit Teejet TR40015E, vortex Lurmark 30НСX3 and centrifugal POK-0.6, as well as a windproof device made in the form of a louver grille. Drifting degree of the working fluid, characterized by the coefficient of targeted use of the fluid and the distance of drifting of droplets were taken as the objective functions. As a result, recommendations on the use of hydraulic sprayers of various types when spraying in windy weather and the technological parameters of a louvered windproof device are given and justified. The results obtained were implemented in development of agricultural machines for the band fertilizing during plant care of vegetables and can be used in the design and operation of field sprayers.

Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products

Vaskina V. A., Kandrokov R. Kh., Bykov A. A., Novozhilova E. S.
Study of effect of composition of wall material of encapsulated walnut oil on structure and quality of milk fondant
Milk fondant has a great potential to be used as a universal semi-finished product in production of candy bodies, filling for caramel and icing for cakes and pastries. Milk fondant mass is made of sugar, molasses, condensed milk and butter. The aim of this research was to improve the formulation and technology of milk fondant by enriching it with liquid vegetable oil in casings made of protein-polysaccharide mixtures (PPS) and to assess the effect of composition of the wall material of encapsulated walnut oil on the quality and structure of milk fondant. Research and analysis of candy mass recipes have been carried out and linear relationships have been revealed between sugary and protein-fat components, which make it possible to create new recipes with the replacement of ineffective ones with functional components, to control the quality, structure and cost of the product. Effect of the nature of protein base of the emulsion gel on the quality of the candy fondant mass has been studied. It has been determined that the emulsifying and foaming ability of PPS affects the density of the candy mass and creates an emulsion-foam structure in the liquid phase of the fondant, which, in turn, affects the particle size distribution of the solid phase of the fondant. The role of polysaccharides in the wall material of the emulsion gel has been established, which is associated with increased water absorption capacity (gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose), and, as a consequence, increased moisture content of the fondant mass. It was revealed that РPS form a gel structure in a continuous medium, which also affects the nucleation and growth of sucrose crystals. In addition, polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose lose water during storage and can be the nucleus for the crystallization of sucrose. Conducted tomographic studies of the experimental fondant masses structure confirm that they have small crystals and inclusions of air. So, in the control sample, the volume fraction of air was 6 %, and in the experimental fondant masses based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and dry milk whey (DMW) – 9 % and 5 %, respectively. It can be concluded that improvement of the recipe composition and technology of milk fondant leads not only to an improvement in the nutritional value, structure, shelf life and expansion of the functionality of the candy masses, but also to its cost and production time reduction.