National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus
Editor-in-chief V. Gusakov, vice editor-in-chief P. Kazakevich, V. Azarenko
1, room 118, Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072, Republic of Belarus
phone/fax +375 17 374-02-45
e-mail: agro-vesti@mail.ru
Information about the titles change:
1963 - 1991 – «Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of  BSSR. Agrarian series»
1992 - 1995 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian sciences of Belarus»
1996 - 2002 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus»
2002 - till present – «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series»

2024 №1

Economics

Kotkovets N. N., Kondratenko S. A.
Development of production potential of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus in the context of trends in global food market
The paper presents the results of analysis of trends in global agricultural production in the context of impact on the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus, including: determining impact of the state of the world grain market on balance of markets and prices, increasing demand for agricultural products and, in particular, livestock products, stimulating consumption of feed, strengthening the negative impact of barriers in global trade in food and resources for its production. The directions and opportunities for the domestic agro-industrial complex are determined due to the internal potential of sustainability, increasing the efficiency of strategic forecasting, intensifying the processes of technical and technological re-equipment of production, and developing the market infrastructure. A set of measures has been proposed, grouped in key areas, which will increase production and export potential of the domestic agro-industrial complex and implement a strategy of sustainable economic growth, including: strengthening the feed base of animal husbandry as an export-oriented industry, increasing production efficiency, optimizing costs, improving product quality, ensuring impeccable compliance with technological, technical and labor discipline, technical regulations, creating sustainable models of product promotion in domestic and foreign markets.

Sharenko A. N.
State support of agriculture: experience of the European Union countries and possibilities of its adaptation for the Republic of Belarus
Sufficiency of financing in agriculture is determined by the level and measures of state support, which should be understood as direct and indirect benefits provided by the state to entities engaged in agricultural activities and (or) providing, facilitating and supporting these activities. Comparing the results of studying the experience of providing state support in agriculture of the European Union with the national principles of agrarian policy, the following directions of improving the mechanism of state support in the Republic of Belarus are proposed: 1) use of the minimum level of expenditures of the consolidated budget of the country for sustainable financing of agriculture; 2) establishment of separate financing for young producers of agricultural products; 3) use of an economically justified differentiated mechanism of the state per hectare of agricultural land; 4) limit the maximum amounts of payments for subsidies, establishment of allowances and other direct payments for agricultural producers; 5) use of a mechanism and determination of the budget for additional financing of peasant (farm) households and other small and medium-sized businesses engaged in agricultural production.

Agriculture and Plant Cultivation

Zakharov A. M., Mishanov A. P., Murzaev E. A., Markova A. E.
Dependence of table beet yield on different doses of compost in organic farming
The paper presents the experimental study results on the effect of different doses of BIAGUM compost on the yield of Dvusemiannaya TSHA table beet variety. The compost was produced from fermented poultry manure. The table beet was grown on sod-podzolic soil on carbonate loam in the frame work of a six-field biology-based crop rotation. No protective agents were used. Mechanical and manual weed control was applied instead. The precursor on the experimental plots was potatoes fertilized with BIAGUM compost in an amount of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) in 2021. The average biological yield of table beet roots in 2022 in the control variant without compost (variant 1) was 24.94 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) (variant 2) – 29.40 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 8 t∙ha–1 (N = 160 kg∙ha–1) (variant 3) – 31.28 t∙ha–1. The study revealed that the compost application (variants 2 and 3) increased the average yield by 17.88 and 25.41 % compared to variant 1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the variant 1 and variants 2 and 3: the LSD for the 5 % significance level was 2.42 t∙ha–1. The compost application in variants 2 and 3 increased the average mass of table beet roots by 30.7 and 33 %, respectively, against the variant 1 (control). The share of substandard roots in the total yield for these variants also increased. In all experiment variants, the nitrate content in the table beet roots did not exceed the allowable value of 1400 mg/kg. The experiment findings indicate a positive effect of BIAGUM compost application in the set doses on the table beet yield cultivated in organic farming.

Animal Husbamdry abd Veterinary Medicine

Guminskaya E. Yu., Sidunov S. V., Loban R. V., Sidunova M. N.
Methods of artificial regulation of estrous cycle of Aberdeen Angus breeding stock
The research aim is to study the efficiency of using the OvSynch and Co-Synch schemes with subsequent resynchronization on beef cows and heifers of the Aberdeen Angus breed. The hormonal state of animals and the biochemical blood serum parameters were chosen as factors determining reproductive function. The purpose is to study the efficiency of applying the OvSynch and Co-Synch synchronization protocols on cows and heifers of the Aberdeen Angus breed depending on the hormonal state of the inseminated animals and the biochemical blood serum parameters. The rate of fertilization in cows inseminated according to the OvSynch protocol was determined to be 5.0 to 8.5 % higher during the first stage of insemination and 5.5 % higher during the second stage of insemination. In the group of heifers, the best fertilization results were obtained while using the Co-Synch protocol (59.3 %). Giving cows a second injection of GnRH, on day 9 of the OvSynch protocol, 16 hours before insemination, provided an average rate of fertilization of 52.3 %, which is 3.4 % higher compared to the 14-hour interval between GnRH injection and insemination. The concentration of steroid and gonadotropic hormones, including cortisol, estradiol, FSH and LH, in experimental animals during insemination corresponded to the estrus phase. The results of biochemical blood tests indicate a number of metabolic inconsistencies in the animal body. Changes in the biochemical blood serum parameters in animals that did not become pregnant followed the same patterns as in those that became pregnant. However, the level of increase or decrease in parameters was less pronounced. The results obtained can be used in arranging artificial insemination in breeding and commercial agricultural organizations engaged in beef cattle breeding, as well as in teaching process of zootechnical and veterinary disciplines in agricultural higher educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus.

Krivoruchko A. Yu., Skokova A. V., Yatsyk O. A., Kuharuk M. Yu., Likhovid A. A., Kizilova N. I.
Genome-wide search for associations method for identification of molecular markers and candidate genes of breed affiliation of sheep of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed
To determine the loci associated with pedigree traits, a genome-wide search was conducted for associations of 275 heads of Russian sheep breeds genotyped using 600 thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The studies were conducted according to the “case-control” type, where the “case” group is represented by animals of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed, the “control” included animals of other breeds (Karachay, Romanovskaya, Dzhalginsky merino and Russian meat merino). In this study, over 100 SNPs were identified with highly reliable differences in the frequency of occurrence in sheep of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed. For the subsequent analysis, 18 single nucleotides with the highest confidence indices localized on chromosomes were selected 1, 10, 11, 15, 17. As a result of a genome-wide study, significant SNP markers characteristic of the sheep breed under study, located directly in the genes or close to them, were determined. The conducted studies provide a set of new SNP markers and candidate genes associated with the breed characteristics of North Caucasian meat-wool sheep.

Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products

Vaskina V. A., Mashkova I. A., Bykov A. A., Rogozkin E. N., Shcherbakova E. I., Ruschits A. A., Salomatov A. S.
The effect of encapsulated sunflower oil in hydrocolloids shells on the quality and structure of oatmeal cookies
Oatmeal cookies contain trans fats and gluten, which have a negative impact on health. The content of these compounds harmful to the body is due to the inclusion of margarine and wheat flour in the cookies recipe. Margarine was replaced with encapsulated sunflower oil in shells of hydrocolloids. Based on studies of the foaming and emulsifying properties of protein-polysaccharide mixtures, it was found that the most stable shells on drops of sunflower oil are formed from hydrocolloids consisting of whey and a triple mixture of polysaccharides (agar, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose). Additionally, in order to obtain a gluten-free product, wheat flour was removed from the recipe. The exclusion of wheat flour was compensated by the introduction of a mixture of corn and potato starches. The obtained samples of rich oatmeal cookies were compared with the control. Studies of the baking process have been carried out. It has been established that the introduction of encapsulated sunflower oil into the dough affects the thermophysical properties of the dough and increases its thermal diffusivity, which shortens the duration of baking cookies and increases the productivity of the oven by 17 %. Researches of structure of cookies on traditional and new technology are carried out. Tomographic images showed that the introduction of encapsulated oil in hydrocolloidal shells instead of margarine and the replacement of wheat flour with a mixture of corn and potato starches produced gluten-free cookies with a more porous structure. Oatmeal cookies, prepared according to the new technology and recipe, have better organoleptic characteristics, have a more balanced chemical composition, have an enriched fatty acid composition, which makes it possible to recommend them as a functional food.

Korzhavina Yu. N., Alshevskiy D. L., Alshevskaya M. N., Ustich V. I., Karneeva F. S., Bedo E. P.
Machine-hardware diagram of complex biotechnological processing of aquaculture objects
Currently, a number of fish farms operate in the Kaliningrad region, which specialize in breeding aquaculture objects, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and clariid catfish (Clarias gariepinus Linnaeus, 1758) and their further sale in live or chilled whole form. There is not complex processing, as a rule. The paper shows the need for biotechnological processing of aquaculture and ways to use the waste obtained during filleting for production of minced fish and, later, minced semi-finished products. The lack of integrated use of waste from fish processing industries is a common problem in the fishing industry, so the need to solve this problem is obvious. For the efficient processing of fish raw materials, it is necessary to create a technology that will make it possible to maximize the use of waste from fish production, including the use of biotechnological methods, but at the same time ensure high quality of finished products. The paper presents the mass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and clariid catfish (Clarias gariepinus Linnaeus, 1758), developed a technological diagram for the complex biotechnological processing of aquaculture objects in the conditions of small enterprises of fish processing farms, proposed a description of technological processes and a machine-hardware diagram. Integrated technology implies the presence of the main and additional production. An additional diagram is associated with the production of imitation fat, the basis for which can be ground fat-containing components pre-treated with enzymes, such as tioshka and milk, as well as fish broths obtained by cooking collagen-containing components (heads, fins, tails). This technological approach can be used in the conditions of “Belvodkhoz” enterprises engaged in the cultivation and subsequent processing of aquaculture objects, for example, Fish Farm “Volma”.