National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus
Editor-in-chief V. Gusakov, vice editor-in-chief P. Kazakevich, V. Azarenko
1, room 118, Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072, Republic of Belarus
phone/fax +375 17 374-02-45
e-mail: agro-vesti@mail.ru
Information about the titles change:
1963 - 1991 – «Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of  BSSR. Agrarian series»
1992 - 1995 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian sciences of Belarus»
1996 - 2002 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus»
2002 - till present – «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series»

2025 №3

Economics

Kondratenko S. A., Kotkovets N. N.
Strategic directions and mechanisms of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus
The trends and patterns of development of agro-industrial production in modern conditions (transformation of international production and distribution chains, decisive importance of the scientific and technical potential of the agro-industrial complex and availability of technologies, and competitiveness of multi-sector large-scale commodity structures) have been identified, which confirm availability of new opportunities for Belarus in terms of increasing the export potential in the global food market. It has been determined that the main emphasis in the state agrarian policy should be placed on ensuring the priority direction of scientific, technical and innovative development, as well as creation of strategic competitive advantages. In this regard, the strategic directions of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex are substantiated, including, among others: increasing production efficiency, modernizing infrastructure and logistics, expanding product sales markets and diversification, using modern digital technologies and intelligent business process management systems, effective state support and regulation, strengthening the human resources potential of the agro-industrial complex. The functional model of the mechanism of state regulation of sustainable development of agro-industrial production is presented, which is based on the use of incentive tools (program planning, balance regulation, management, motivation and control) and ensures public-private partnership in development of production and social infrastructure. For the purpose of a comprehensive and integrated assessment of the performance of agricultural producers, a methodology is proposed that allows for additional support and incentive measures, and monitoring of situation at an enterprise.

Agriculture and Plant Cultivation

Kolbanova E. V., Kukharchyk N. V., Bazhydai T. N.
Optimization of in vitro micropropagation stage of pear varieties regionalized in Belarus
The objects of the study were 9 pear varieties regionalized in the Republic of Belarus including 8 varieties of Belarusian selection (Belorusskaya pozdnyaya, Viliya, Zaveya, Kupala, Prosto Maria, Spakusa, Yasachka (P. communis × P.× ussuriensis), Kudesnitsa (P. communis × P.× pyrifolia)) and 1 introduced variety Talgarskaya krasavitsa (P. communis × P.× pyrifolia). Optimal nutrient media for pear propagation were determined: agarized DKW medium for varieties Kupala, Prosto Maria and Yasachka, and DKW and modified MS medium (the NH4NO3 content was reduced to ¼) for varieties Spakusa, Talgarskaya krasavitsa, Belorusskaya pozdnyaya, and Kudesnitsa. The optimal concentration of 6-BA for propagation of pear varieties made 1.0 mg/l. Increasing the concentration of 6-BA to 2.0 mg/l allows increasing the number of shoots per explant, but reduces the height of the shoots (i. e. readiness for rooting) and results in narrow and unexpanded leaves with symptoms of vitrification. Stimulation of growth of axillary buds and increase in propagation coefficient of all studied pear varieties, maintaining the quality of the shoots, can be achieved by removing the apical bud and leaves of microshoots and placing them horizontally (shoot length 1.5–2 cm) on nutrient medium. The use of large-volume culture vessels (250–450 ml) has a positive effect on proliferation rate of pear varieties.

Kunina V. A., Platonova N. B., Kunin D. V.
Varietal response of Russian plum fruits to long-term cold storage
Cultivation of Russian plum in the humid subtropics conditions of Russia is a promising direction for industrial horticulture. The key task is the development of technologies that ensure prolongation of storage life of fruits without deterioration of their nutritional and consumer properties. Optimization of postharvest processing becomes especially important for minimizing economic losses and extending the time window for selling seasonal products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preparation based on 1-methylcyclopropene (“1-MCP “Fresh-Form”) for prolongation of cold storage of two varieties of Russian plum of medium maturity – ‘Gek’ and ‘July Rose’. The research included a comprehensive study of biochemical and organoleptic parameters of fruits to substantiate the suitability of varieties for prolonged storage and validation of postharvest processing technology. Preparation “1-MCP “Fresh-Form” is a gaseous compound 1-methylcyclopropene, which belongs to the class of ethylene inhibitors, a phytohormone regulating the cascade of biochemical reactions associated with ripening, senescence and destructive processes in the postharvest period. Experimental fruit samples after harvesting were divided into two groups: control and 1-MCP-treated. Storage was carried out in industrial chambers at a temperature of (+2 ± 0.5) °C and humidity of 85–90 %. Quality monitoring included quantitative analysis of organic acids, determination of ascorbic acid dynamics, evaluation of carbohydrate profile (sucrose, glucose, fructose), calculation of sugar-acid index and soluble solids content, quantitative determination of total polyphenols, organoleptic evaluation. The study revealed varietal specificity of biochemical response of plum fruits of ‘Gek’ and ‘July Rose’ varieties to the treatment during cold storage. A decrease in carbohydrate metabolism and degradation of ascorbic acid was found, with simultaneous active synthesis of polyphenols. The ‘Gek’ variety showed resistance to the treatment, while the ‘July Rose’ variety showed susceptibility. The treatment increased the shelf life by 46 %. Application of 1-MCP confirmed the effectiveness in prolongation of storage of Russian plum without critical loss of quality. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of technology implementation in agropractice of the region with adaptation of treatment protocols to varietal specificity of metabolism.

Mechanization and Power Engineering

Gordeev V. V., Mironova T. Yu., Khazanov V. E., Gordeeva T. I., Mironov V. N.
Block diagram of technological process control for manure cleaning, removal and processing
Modern equipment used in the manure removal line at cattle farms has separate control units for automation of each technological operation. Introduction of information technologies with automation of the whole technological process of manure cleaning, removal, transportation and processing as a single system will allow to exclude low-productive, unskilled manual labor and increase the efficiency of production. The aim of the research is to develop dependencies and block diagram of the technological process of manure cleaning, removal and processing as a control object, which allows to automate the process with the provision of specified technical and economic indicators. The technological operations affecting the formation of manure, technologies of its processing and storage, used on cattle farms of loose housing method are analyzed. As a source of data, information obtained in the framework of scientific projects and design of cattle breeding farms was used. The control block diagram covers technological operations of manure management, which are carried out in the animal housing buildings and milking parlor, accumulation in the intermediate manure collector, transportation, separation with fermentation of solid fraction of manure, storage, as well as hoof treatment and drinker washing, during which the used water is discharged as effluent into manure. Alternatives are available for some technological operations. The developed model of technological process of manure cleaning, removal and processing is aimed at complex automation of processes and formation of consistency of operation modes of technical means in order to reduce operating costs.

Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products

Alshevskaya M. N., Alshevskiy D. L., Mastyugin Yu. V., Karneeva F. S., Bedo E. P.
Comprehensive assessment of nutritional value of a common beaver (Castor fiber) inhabiting the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation
In the Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region, a decrease in the beaver population and use of its meat at meat processing plants is of great relevance. The aim of the present study was a comprehensive assessment of the nutritional value of beaver inhabiting the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation, including the study of the amino acid and fatty acid composition of proteins and lipids of muscle tissue and the lipoprotein part of the tail and the design of their mixture. Data is presented on the content of protein, fat, moisture, amino acids and fatty acids in the muscle tissue and the lipoprotein part of the beaver tail. The protein content in the muscle tissue made 20.2 %, in the lipoprotein part of the tail – 6.0 %, fat content – 5.1 and 85.1 %, respectively. The amino acid composition of the parts of the beaver carcass is represented by all essential amino acids, however, a number of indicators show an imbalance in the amino acid composition of the protein. To solve the problem of imbalance of essential amino acids, a combined mixture of muscle tissue and lipid-and-protein part of the tail was calculated with an optimal ratio of 72 to 28 %. The protein composition of this mixture is characterized by high biological value – 75 % and a special balance index – 0.87. At the same time, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the combined mixture is 46.6 % of the total mass of lipids, which significantly exceeds the content of saturated (18.3 %) or monounsaturated (35.1 %) fatty acids. Also, the content of essential fatty acids linolic and linoleic is quite high and amounts to 24.0 g / 100 g of lipids and 21.3 g / 100 g of lipids. The engineered blend is a rich source of essential fatty acids. The conducted studies have resulted in actual data on the chemical composition and safety indicators of the river beaver inhabiting the Kaliningrad region, as well as in the optimal ratio of muscle tissue and the lipoprotein part of the beaver tail.

Nikiforova A. P., Poznyakovsky V. M.
Plant-based bacterial starter culture Latilactobacillus sakei
Milk whey is widely used as a main component for a nutrient medium for the production of bacterial starter cultures, but in recent years, bacterial cultures produced from plant-based components have great scientific interest. Lactic acid bacteria strains are often used to create probiotic bacterial cultures. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to develop a technology for the production of a plant-based bacterial starter culture containing Latilactobacillus sakei. The objects of experimental studies were three strains Latilactobacillus sakei, and starter cultures made with the use of these strains. For the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, MRS medium and a specially developed nutrient medium based on rice flour were used. The growth of Latilactobacillus sakei strains on these media was assessed by the number of viable cells. It has been proved that the new plant-based ingredients nutrient medium allows to obtain bacterial starters with good quality and safety indicators. In terms of safety indicators, they meet the requirements of the Technical Regulation of Customs Union 033/2013 “On the safety of milk and dairy products” and contain a high number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria (at least 108 CFU/cm3). As a result of the study, new technologies have been developed for the production of liquid and frozen plant-based bacterial starter cultures containing Latilactobacillus sakei strains, which can be used in the production of food products.