National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus
Editor-in-chief V. Gusakov, vice editor-in-chief P. Kazakevich, V. Azarenko
1, room 118, Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072, Republic of Belarus
phone/fax +375 17 374-02-45
e-mail: agro-vesti@mail.ru
Information about the titles change:
1963 - 1991 – «Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of  BSSR. Agrarian series»
1992 - 1995 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian sciences of Belarus»
1996 - 2002 – «Proceedings of Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus»
2002 - till present – «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series»

2026 №2

Economics

Kireуenkа N. V., Husarava T. V.
Ensuring balanced innovative economic growth of organizations of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Belarus
At the current stage of development of the Republic of Belarus, the national economy is transforming into an innovative socio-economic system, which leads to changes not only in the nature of work and the main productive forces, but also in the quality of life of the country’s population. On a global scale, this stage is characterized by a change in the technological basis and model of economic management, strengthening of its social orientation, globalization, and regionalization of trade and economic relations between countries and their companies. At the same time, the development of an innovative model of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Republic of Belarus necessitates strengthening the competitive advantages of organizations based on the development of scientifically based proposals and recommendations, including those on ensuring balanced innovative growth. The article examines the scientific concepts and factors determining the essence of the category “balanced innovative growth” and substantiates methodological approaches to the development of models and evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovative infrastructure of the AIC. Using the example of business entities in the Republic of Belarus engaged in meat production and processing of meat products, an assessment of their level of balanced development is made. In addition, a strategy for ensuring innovative economic growth for agricultural organizations in the Republic of Belarus has been developed. This strategy includes a conceptual model for implementing new technologies across core business processes, a system for comprehensively monitoring the organization’s innovative activity, and an electronic platform as a specialized online resource. The practical implementation of these results will contribute to the expansion of the competitive advantages of agricultural organizations in domestic and foreign markets, the achievement of financial sustainability, and the assurance of the country’s food security.

Agriculture and Plant Cultivation

Kolbanova E. V., Kukharchyk N. V., Bazhydai T. N.
In vitro rhizogenesis and ex vitro adaptation of pear cultivars regionalized in Belarus
The objects of study were 7 pear cultivars zoned in the Republic of Belarus including 6 cultivars of Belarusian selection (Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya, Kupala, Prosto Maria, Spakusa, Yasachka, Kudesnitsa) and introduced cultivar (Talgarskaya Krasavitsa). At one-stage rooting of pear cultivars, the use of DKW medium with a reduced concentration of macrosalts (¼), microsalts (½), iron (60 mg/l Ferric-EDDHA), sucrose (2 %), supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA allows to obtain 27.0 % of rooted plants of cv. Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya, 43.0 % of cv. Kudesnitsa, 73.0 % of cv. Prosto Maria, 33.0 % of cv. Talgarskaya Krasavitsa, and 63.0 % of cv. Yasachka. For cultivars Kupala and Spakusa, the use of 0.2 mg/l IBA provides 89.0 and 90.0 %, respectively, rooted plants without formation of soft callus at the base of shoots. The use of two-stage rooting schemes (dark phase (7 days) on MS agar medium with concentration of macrosalts (½ or ¼), microsalts (½), sucrose (2 %), IBA (3 or 5 mg/l), and subsequent cultivation under illumination (6 weeks) on a hormone-free medium of the same mineral composition as in dark phase, with or without vermiculite) allows obtaining the high percentage of rooted microplants in all cultivars. The efficiency of ex vitro adaptation of pear regenerated plants was 92.9–100.0 % when using a sterile peat : agroperlite (1 : 1) substrate. The number of adapted plants of pear cultivars can be increased by planting in the substrate not only in vitro rooted regenerated plants, but also plants that did not produce roots when cultivated on medium containing IBA. For cultivars Spakusa, Kupala, Yasachka 79.0–88.0 % of unrooted microshoots produced roots when planted in sterile substrate. For cultivars Talgarskaya Krasavitsa, Kudesnitsa, and Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya rooting rate varied from 18.0 to 25.0 %, for Prosto Maria – 44.0 %.

Lukin S. V., Govorkova S. B.
Radionuclides and heavy metals in agroecosystems of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia: monitoring and assessment (Belgorod region)
The purpose of the study was to conduct an agroecological assessment of the content of heavy metals and arsenic, as well as the specific activity of natural and artificial radionuclides in leached, typical, ordinary chernozems and plant products in the Belgorod region. In the course of research, it was found that the variation in the studied soils of the specific activity of potassium-40 is 460–714, thorium-232 – 30.4–59.7, radium-226 – 11.3–28.5 Bq/kg. In 2023–2024, the maximum limits of variation of the specific activity of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in soils did not exceed 43.8 and 5.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentration in soils of acid-soluble forms of zinc, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury varied in the intervals of 23.2–52.5, 7.7–14.2, 3.15–7.13, 0.15–0.41, 0.015–0.035 mg/kg, respectively. In common chernozems, the average specific activity of thorium-232, as well as the concentration of acid-soluble forms of zinc, arsenic and cadmium, was significantly higher than in leached chernozems, which is due to the lighter particle size distribution of the latter. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals by subtypes of chernozems did not differ significantly and varied within: zinc – 0.23–0.70, lead – 0.28–0.73, cadmium – 0.02–0.08 mg/kg. No excess of the APC and MPC of the studied elements in soils was detected. In the studied agricultural plants, the specific activity of cesium-137, strontium-90, as well as the content of zinc, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury were below the maximum permissible values regulated for food and feed products.

Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Koshak Zh. V., Degtyarik S. M., Denisov D. N.
Functional-purpose compound feed for sturgeon and salmon fish containing humic substances
This article analyzes the development of the functional feed category in modern aquaculture. Based on a study of the specific effects of bioactive additives on fish, the concept is explored and the relevance of its implementation in the cultivation of valuable fish species (sturgeon and salmon) is substantiated. It is established that the use of biologically active additives allows for the transformation of traditional feeds into functional ones, imparting therapeutic and prophylactic properties that go beyond standard nutritional indicators. The results of the development of formulations enriched with biologically active humic substances by the Fish Industry Institute, a state-owned enterprise, are presented. The mechanism of the complex action of these components is revealed, and it is proven that the use of the developed functional feeds promotes the restoration of the morphofunctional state of the liver after feeding high-energy diets, normalizes metabolism, and increases resistance to stress factors. Improved fish farming performance (increased survival, increased average daily weight gain, and a decrease in the feed conversion factor) has been experimentally confirmed. The obtained results substantiate the economic efficiency of using functional additives in intensive fish farming and confirm the high significance of developments for import substitution in the high-tech feed segment.

Mechanization and Power Engineering

Azarenko V. V., Zheshka A. A.
On the issue of substantiating the design parameters of storage tanks of high- precision machines for applying mineral fertilizers
Modern technical means for applying mineral fertilizers should ensure high quality of their distribution over the field surface. To a large extent, the uneven distribution depends on the type of distributing working bodies used. High distribution accuracy is provided by rod spreaders. However, for their stable operation, it is necessary that uniform metered fertilizer supply is carried out by transporting devices from storage tanks to distributing working bodies. For centrifugal spreaders, the uniform supply of fertilizers to the discs is also an important task. Rational geometric parameters of storage tanks minimize the likelihood of arches forming and fertilizers hanging, and also determine the productivity of machine and tractor units when performing technological operations to introduce chemicals for agriculture. The capacity of storage tanks is also an important parameter that determines the technical and economic efficiency of the fertilizer application process. On the one hand, compact mounted spreaders with a lifting capacity of 0.4–1.5 tons are characterized by high maneuverability and low material consumption. However, during application, they require a significant number of technological stops to reload new portions of fertilizers, which is the reason for a decrease in their productivity. In this regard, it is advisable to use mounted rod spreaders for applying fertilizing doses of fertilizers. Semi-trailer spreaders with a load capacity of 5 tons or more are suitable for applying basic doses of fertilizers in large areas, but their use is not always justified in small fields with a large number of obstacles. Consider the design features of technological tanks used on modern, high-precision technical means for applying mineral fertilizers, and presents analytical dependencies for determining their main design parameters.

Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products

Rozhnov E. D., Shkolnikova M. N., Musina O. N.
Kinetics and mechanism of carotenoid degradation in pumpkin powder: effect of storage temperature and packaging atmosphere
Carotenoids are highly susceptible to oxidative and thermal degradation, which compromises the nutritional and functional quality of plant-based food powders. This study aimed to establish the kinetic parameters governing carotenoid degradation in enzyme-hydrolyzed pumpkin powder under varying storage temperatures (4, 20, and 30 °C) and gas atmospheres (vacuum, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ambient air). Carotenoid content was monitored spectrophotometrically over 12 months, and degradation kinetics were modeled using first-order reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius equation. The degradation process followed first-order kinetics in all conditions (R2 > 0.998). Oxygen presence dramatically accelerated carotenoid loss: degradation rate constants in air were 2.4–5.1 times higher than in inert or vacuum environments. Activation energies (Eₐ) were significantly higher in oxygen-free systems (48.8–59.4 kJ/mol) compared to air (41.4 kJ/mol), indicating a shift from oxidation-driven to thermally driven degradation mechanisms. Based on the kinetic models, shelf life (defined as 20 % carotenoid loss) was predicted across temperature – atmosphere combinations. For cold-chain storage (0...4 °C), nitrogen or CO2 packaging provided the longest shelf life (~20 months), whereas vacuum packaging proved superior under temperature abuse (e.g., 30 °C), extending shelf life to ~13 months versus 2.5–7.5 months in air. The practical significance of this work lies in providing a scientific basis for packaging selection: vacuum packaging is recommended for long-term storage, especially with the risk of temperature fluctuations, while packaging under a nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere is optimal for guaranteed cold chain storage.